Bangkok Travel Guide

Thailand’s capital city is a fantastic place to visit. It is the travel hub for the whole Southeast Asian region. Most people come back and forth if they visit the different regions of Thailand, for example Chiang mai, Koh Samui or Phuket or Trang. Its bad reputation for long traffic jams and pollution is no longer justified. At the end of 2000, the new BTS Sky Train went into service and new roads have been built. To get around there is also now the MRT metro (underground railway), which serves a number of locations in the centre of the city. Tuk Tuk is an other way of transportation (taxi), it is an open air ride, however the polution is very high and the weather is very hot and humid it is not recommented to ride with it. It will be a noisy ride also  inhale all  gas from cars in front of you.. In comparison to other mega-cities, Bangkok is also a very safe city and has one of the lowest crime rates in the world.

 

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In the ‘City of Angels’, you’ll soon find out that walking, instead of taking a taxi or bus, is often the quickest option.

Another good option is the water-taxi (catch it at the end of the Silom sky train line at Saphan Taksin).  Besides the fact that it is an experience in itself -defy the polluted canals with the wind in your hair and see the back part of life in Bangkok, many of the city’s attractions are near to the various stops along the river. Make a stop at the Temple of Dawn and tour the klongs in order to find the floating market (sorry to disappoint you, but it has been transferred to solid ground) or just get off nearby Kao San Road. There are three monkeys and a gorilla in the haystack.

Despite the fact that most of them are located in the center of the thriving modern metropolis, Bangkok’s sights, temples belong to the finest ones in Asia. The most spectacular are located on the same compound: the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Keo, the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. The rooflines and spires are extravagant, ornamented richly and will probably leave you dazzled at the spot…and this is only one compound away from Bangkok’s Chinatown.

Other sights in Bangkok include the National Museum (a great introduction to the county’s history and artifacts), the Red Cross Snake Farm (to watch venomous snakes being milked) and the Weekend Market near Chatuchak Park (there’s a little bit of everything, including giant dead roaches neatly arranged for sale in the food section). Also worth a visit is the Suan Lum Night Market at the corner of Wireless Road and Rama IV Road.  It is right next to Lumpini MRT station.  The Jim Thompson’s House brings alive the era of a U.S. citizen who was almost solely responsible for reintroducing Thailand’s silk-weaving industry. His home is a tribute to Thai art and architecture.

Bangkok offers also an amazing nightlife with bars, discos, live music and even Latin Salsa is becoming popular. A lot is said about and done in Patpong, Bangkok’s red-light district. It’s not particularly different from red-light districts elsewhere. At night-time, Patpong’s brightly and colorfully lit streets are packed with people who parade along the clubs lining the streets —some of which might even shock the most worldly visitors. Maybe there is already enough excitement for you going on Kao San Road and its neighboring area. This is the street to go when you’re looking for cheap accommodation, small restaurants and fellow travelers full of good stories (of which one might give you a treasure-map of one of the unknown deserted islands just off the coast…)

If you want to get a personal advice how to get the best out of your one day Bangkok visit, check out the “A perfect day…” section.

By the way, do you know the real name of Bangkok? It’s Krungthep Mahanakon Bovorn Rattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokpop Noparatratchatathani Burirom Udomratchanivetmahasatan Amornpiman Avatarnsatit Sakkathattiyaavisnukarmprasit.

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Travel to Mongolia

Mongolia is far-flung and little visited yet has much to offer in terms of scenery, wildlife, and historic and cultural sites.
Outside the main cities, Mongolians continue to live the traditional life of malchin (herdsmen), and many are nomadic. With one of the world’s lowest population densities, Mongolia’s vast areas of wilderness, desert, lakes and mountains offer plenty of scope for adventurous outdoor enthusiasts. Although independent travel is now becoming more common, travel outside the capital is usually by tours

Mongolia-1

Mongolia will surprise you… 
 Mongolia, the ancient realm of Genghis Khan, has emerged from the shadow  of Communism and is now open to the world.  To begin your travel to discover  the history, culture and people of Mongolia, click on some of the links below. 
Mongolia travel is one of today’s best kept travel secrets and most rewarding destinations for adventurous travelers. 

By jeep, on foot, or on horseback, the natural wonders of Mongolia rival any in the world.  Roam the dry washes of the Gobi famous for dinosaur bones or watch the Naadam festival; horse racing, wrestling and archery. 

The steppes and the immense scale of boundless landscapes, varying from flat plains to rolling plateaus and extensive grasslands, make up the heart of Mongolia, Here is the meeting place of Siberia’s taiga forest, the Central Asian steppe, the high Altai mountains and the Gobi desert. Apart from the steppes, such outstanding landscapes as the Gobi desert, Lake Hovsgol, Hustain Nuruu Natural Reserve, and Karakorum, the site of the ancient capital city of Mongolia and of Erdene zuu monastery, are all focal points of visiting Mongolia.
On the edge of the 21st century, Mongolia remains one of the few countries that substantially retains its ancient culture and traditions. The nomadic lifestyle and the warmth of our people play an important role in creating precious memories about Mongolia for all who have visited here. As our guest, let us share with you a culture and traditions that have endured for thousands of years.

mangolia

Day 1 Arrival
Arrive in Ulaanbaatar and transfer to hotel • Evening motorcoach tour of Ulaanbaatar, including the War Memorial at Zaisan if time permits.
Day 2 Ulaanbaatar/Karakorum
Drive to Karakorum • Visit local family to discover the lifestyle of nomads.
Day 3 Karakorum/Bayangobi
Visit Erdene Zuu, one of the largest monasteries in Mongolia • Tour the monastery grounds and several chapels with excellent examples of Buddhist iconography dating from the 16th century • Visit the ruins of Karakorum, the 13th century capital of the Mongol Empire • Drive to the Bayangobi sand dunes for dinner and overnight in gers.
Day 4 Bayangobi/Hustain Nuruu/Ulaanbaatar
Drive to Hustain Nuruu National Reserved area to observe Przewalski’s horse, recently re-introduced to the wild, then continue to Ulaanbaatar.
Day 5 Ulaanbaatar
Tour Ulaanbaatar city • Visit Gandan Monastery, the Buddhist center of Mongolia, and the Zanabazar Fine Arts Museum • Tour the National History Museum • Time for shopping for pure Mongolian cashmere products & souvenirs • Cultural performance in the evening.
Day 6 Ulaanbaatar/Gobi Desert
Travel to the famous Gobi Desert • Visit a camel breeder’s camp for photo opportunities, camel riding, and exploring the nomadic lifestyle of southern Mongolia • Enjoy an evening of the Gobi Desert’s peaceful, starry night.
Day 7 Gobi Desert
Day trip to visit Yol Valley (Lammergeyer Valley) National Park for a morning trek and opportunity to photograph the stunning landscape, “Gobi Glacier” and intriguing wildlife.
Day 8 Gobi Desert
Excursion to Bayan Zag, the Flaming Cliffs, to explore the Gobi’s “Dinosaur Cemetery” and follow the trail of Roy Chapman Andrews • Visit to Moltsog Els sand dunes.
Day 9 Gobi Desert/Ulaanbaatar
Fly back to Ulaanbaatar • En route to the hotel • Tour the Bogd Gegen Palace, home of the last Mongolian Khan.
Day 10-12 Ulaanbaatar/Lake Hovsgol/Ulaanbaatar
Fly to Hovsgol Lake, the Dark Blue Pearl of Mongolia, one of the deepest fresh water lakes in world • Explore the shores of the lake and its surrounding mountain peaks, lush lakeside meadows, taiga, and forested steppe.
Day 13 Departure
Transfer to the airport or train station for departure.

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Three Days In Goa All By Myself

Most people go on holiday with either their family or their friends…the idea is to have lots of fun and relax. But what do you do when your travel companions are busy and you are desperate for a vacation? Well, you go all by yourself, just like I did around North Goa.


Goa is a beach-lovers haven and a great place for simply lolling, eating, drinking and most importantly sleeping.
With three days in hand, I decided to indulge myself in some of the most visited yet unexplored areas of North Goa - Candolim & Calangute, Morjim and the Goa backwaters.
Candolim In Daylight
Candolim becah is tucked between Sinquerim and Baga which are synonymous of crowds. The Candolim beach does not is quieter compared to the neighbors. I found that most of its visitors were like me from nearby resorts and hotels.
Candolim beach like most beaches in Goa, has its fair share of shacks and vendors, offering everything from a massage to a sarong. If you want to enjoy your time alone, this is the place where you can feel the music all by yourself.
Candolim And Around At Night
While Candolim beach may be the best way to spend the day, at night North Goa can spoil you for choice.
Since I was travelling alone, I decided to spend my evening at Bomra’s close to my resort.
Bomra’s is the only restaurant in Goa specializing in Burmese cuisine and if you’re lucky, you may just end the day by being serenaded like I was by the owner Bomra himself. I sort of coerced him into playing a Burmese song on his guitar for me.


DAY TWO IN GOA
After spending a day exploring Candolim and Calangute. I decided to head further up north towards Morjim. An hours picturesque journey took me through scattered Goan villages and small quite towns like Siolim.
I found Siolim ideal to break my journey. It’s situated around 7 kms from Mapusa and life here is concentrated around a Corinthian style Church and a lively corner of shops selling wine and cookies.
Morjim
Morjim is perhaps the one beach that’s easily overlooked by an average tourists, who is looking for hectic fun. But if you’re like me simply looking for quiet time away from the maddening crowd, Morjim will give you a sense of serenity unlike any other. Empty sandy beach stretches, swaying palm trees, wide open sky’s and barely any shacks.
Mogjim At Night
Morjim has no exciting night life except for in the hotel you may be staying in. The owner of my hotel–Aneel Verman not only turned out to be a perfect host but also introduced me to like minded people and made sure I had new friends before I left for home.
Boredom was one feeling that didn’t hit me.
The Backwaters
I love the beach and now that I’d had my fill, I decided to explore Goa’s backwaters so I decided to drive to a village called Britona.
Britona
There is only one resort in this tiny fishing village. A perfect setting of the backwaters of the Mandovi river, an old heritage where houses today beckons travelers to come and experience the true meaning of quiet solitude.
The property has eight private rooms and if you’re traveling alone, the friendly and warm environment ensures company with the scenic beauty surrounding the property.
I found the place to be small and intimate. My favorite spot was the beautiful deck, overlooking the backwaters, it was ideal for enjoying an early morning breakfast and lounging till the wee hours.
The beaches of Goa, the beautiful boutiques hotels and the wonderful people I met during my three day holiday, left me with the unfailing memories.

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School Vacations

In eight cities with great urban universities, travelers can take advantage of tons of activities and amenities—without having to pay tuition or cram for exams

College students—or more likely, their poor parents—pay thousands of dollars for the privilege to learn, live and play on campus. But between attending classes, hitting the study hall and spending hours on Facebook, undergrads can’t always take advantage of the world-class museums, performances, events and facilities found on the grounds of most major universities. But intrepid travelers can enjoy many of these amenities, as well as attend lectures and even sleep on campus, sometimes without spending a cent.

Great values in Gotham City

New York University students quickly learn how to get by in the Big Apple on a small budget, and they can teach travelers a thing or two. Study The Broke Student’s Guide on NYU’s Web page (http://www.nyu.
edu/src/cityguide/brokestudentsguide.html
) to find everything from free WiFi hot spots to inexpensive eats and entertainment around campus. And visitors can attend concerts, classes and special events ranging from readings by well-known authors to lectures by resident and visiting professors.

Lodging options are limited in the immediate vicinity of NYU, which is in Greenwich Village. But The Club Quarters Downtown near Wall Street, a private business hotel, offers 208 reasonably priced rooms for university-affiliated guests, and an entire floor and a lounge decorated in honor of the school.
The other city by the bay

While Berkeley, Calif., is a less glamorous destination than fabulous San Francisco, UC Berkeley welcomes more than 125,000 visitors to its 178-acre campus each year. The university offers free guided tours of its grounds seven days a week, and a trip up iconic Sather Tower, also known as the Campanile, provides a panoramic view of the Bay Area and the campus.

As with most on-campus accommodations, Berkeley’s Faculty Club, built in 1902, is a members-only hotel with three dining rooms and a bar, so you need to know a well-connected alum to get in. But anyone can attend an exhibition at the Berkeley Art Museum & Pacific Film Archive, catch world-class theater and dance at Zellerbach Hall or listen to musical performances ranging from classical to cutting-edge rock at various venues around campus.

Beantown’s best and brightest

The campuses of Harvard and Boston University are on the banks of the Charles River, and both schools offer travelers ample opportunity to explore Beantown’s hallowed halls of higher learning. Within Harvard’s historic campus are four art museums, while some of the school’s 80-plus libraries are open to the public on a limited basis. And if you’re a Harvard alum—or lucky enough to know one—you can lodge at the luxe Harvard Faculty Club, a bed-and-breakfast-style inn in Harvard Yard.

Boston University is home to six art galleries, as many performance venues and a dozen libraries. Like Harvard, the school offers visitors access to activities ranging from classes to concerts. While BU doesn’t have on-campus accommodations, the Hotel Commonwealth is in Kenmore Square at the school’s eastern flank, just down the street from Fenway Park.

Capital college

Washington, D.C.’s Georgetown University has accommodations open to anyone: the Georgetown Conference Center Hotel, located right on the 104-acre campus. It also has Hoya-themed restaurants and offers access to the school’s Yates Field House, a 142,300-square-foot fitness center.

Many on-campus events are free and open to the public, including ongoing lectures in the Program for Jewish Civilization (recent topics include “What is Jewish Art?” and “Growing up Jewish in a Muslim Society”), exhibits at one of six art galleries and a Friday Music series at McNeir Auditorium that features jazz, classical and world music.

Seattle arts and fisheries

The University of Washington’s Seattle campus is perched on Portage and Union bays just north of downtown and is within a few blocks of several hotels in the University District. For free campus walking tours led by students, check in at the UW Visitor’s Center in the Odegaard Undergraduate Library. Guided tours are also offered by the university’s School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (with its waterfront salmon pond), the Theodor Jacobsen Observatory and the Washington Park Arboretum across Union Bay.

The campus is also home to the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, a state museum since 1899, and the Henry Art Gallery, which presents exhibitions and programs on contemporary art. Plus, Meany Hall for the Performing Arts hosts theater, music and dance as well as the UW World Series “cross-cultural” performances that run through May 2008.

L.A. confidential

UCLA’s Westwood campus holds some of L.A.’s best-kept secrets. The Fowler Museum, for example, features a collection of more than 750,000 objects from prehistoric cultures, and admission to the museum and its workshops and lectures is free. A few blocks away, the permanent collection of the Hammer Museum includes paintings by Monet, Van Gogh and Cézanne, as well as contemporary artwork and visiting exhibitions. And the UCLA Live program hosts performers from Yo-Yo Ma to Garrison Keillor in renowned venues such as Royce Hall.

Those affiliated with the university or visiting the adjacent UCLA Medical Center can stay at the UCLA Guest House on campus, which offers low-cost accommodations and access to UCLA’s Sunset Canyon Recreation Center, with two pools and the John Wooden Center’s fitness facilities.

U of Miami sound machine

While the University of Miami can’t compete with the glamour and glitz of South Beach, the Coral Gables campus gives travelers a different taste of South Florida culture. UM Presents is an ongoing program of visual arts, music, theater and film at venues scattered around the campus, while the school’s Lowe Art Museum hosts nationally touring exhibits and houses its own permanent collection of antiquities, Renaissance and Baroque art and modern and contemporary paintings.

Festival Miami, produced by the university’s Frost School of Music, is an annual event in its 24th season that includes concerts and master classes by visiting musicians. Most festival events take place at the Maurice Gusman Concert Hall on campus, with tickets ranging from $10 to $30, while master classes are free and open to the public.

Lone Star higher learning

Although the University of Texas at Austin isn’t in a major metropolitan area, there’s plenty of great music and food in this city, and the school’s schedule is packed with free activities and programs that rival anything found on campuses in most big cities. A recent check of the school’s online events calendar revealed a book reading by Gen. Wesley Clark at the LBJ School of Public Affairs, an Albrecht Dürer exhibition at the Blanton Museum of Art and a lecture on “Medical Ethics and the Holocaust” at the Schusterman Center for Jewish Studies—and that was in just one day, and all free of charge.

Guided tours of the campus include Walking the Forty Acres, which combines geology and architecture with the history of campus buildings, and the nighttime Moonlight Prowl, which is “packed with anecdotes of student life, history and university lore.” The university is constructing an on-campus hotel, but its downtown location ensures that plenty of accommodations are within walking distance, offering easy access to Austin’s vibrant Sixth Street entertainment district.

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Agra Travel Guide

Agra is the one of the prominent destinations of the World Tourism map with three heritage monuments-The Taj Mahal, Red Fort & Fatehpur Sikri. It is more just a dacadent city of graveyards and stones, but it is a vibrant centre of Culture, Art and Religious philosphies that have enriched mankind and shaped humen thought over centuries.
Agra is situated in the State of Uttar Pradesh, India.Agra is famous for handicrafts products such as Inley work on Marvel, Leather work, Footwear, Brasswear, Carpets, Jwellery, Zari and Embroidery work. It is also well known for Petha, Dalmoth and Gajak.
Agra is famous as being home to one of the seven wonders of the world-the Taj Mahal. The architectural splendour of the mausoleums, the fort and the palaces is a vivid remainder of the mausoleums, the fort and the palaces is a vivid reminder of the capital in the 16th and early 17th centuries.
While its significance as a political centre ended with the transfer of the capital to Delhi in 1634 by Shah Jahan, its architectural wealth has secured its place on the international map.
A pleasant town with comparatively slow pace, Agra is known for its superb inlay work on marble and soastone by craftsman who are descendant of those who worked under the Mughals. The city is also famous for its carpets, gold thread embroidery and leather shoes.
Agra was once the capital of the Mughal empire and even today it seems to linger in the past . Not surprising , for the Mughal emperors with their passion for building, endowed the city with some of the finest structures in the world . It is very easy to slip away here through the centuries into the grandeur and intrigues of the Mughal court .

 

Agra is an old city and it is said that its name was derived from Agrabana, a forest that finds mention in the epic Mahabharata.
In more recent times Agra came into prominence when Sikandar Lodi made it his capital city in 1501 . The Lodi rule was to end very soon and Agra passed into the possession of the Mughals .
It was during the time of the third emperor Akbar that Agra came into its own . He embarked on the construction of the massive Agra Fort in 1565. Though Akbar was diverted into building a new capital at Fatehpur sikri not far away.
Agra continued to retain its importance and Shah Jehan, Akbar’s garndson ornamented the city with that masterpiece of Mughal architecture - the Taj Mahal and built several other beautiful buildings within the Agra fort .

Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world, and some Western historians have noted that its architectural beauty has never been surpassed. The Taj is the most beautiful monument built by the Mughals, the Muslim rulers of India. Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.

Taj Mahal was built by a Muslim, Emperor Shah Jahan (died 1666 C.E.) in the memory of his dear wife and queen Mumtaz Mahal at Agra, India. It is an “elegy in marble” or some say an expression of a “dream.” Taj Mahal (meaning Crown Palace) is a Mausoleum that houses the grave of queen Mumtaz Mahal at the lower chamber. The grave of Shah Jahan was added to it later. The queen’s real name was Arjumand Banu. In the tradition of the Mughals, important ladies of the royal family were given another name at their marriage or at some other significant event in their lives, and that new name was commonly used by the public. Shah Jahan’s real name was Shahab-ud-din, and he was known as Prince Khurram before ascending to the throne in 1628.

Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal was constructed over a period of twenty-two years, employing twenty thousand workers. It was completed in 1648 C.E. at a cost of 32 Million Rupees. The construction documents show that its master architect was Ustad ‘Isa, the renowned Islamic architect of his time. The documents contain names of those employed and the inventory of construction materials and their origin. Expert craftsmen from Delhi, Qannauj, Lahore, and Multan were employed. In addition, many renowned Muslim craftsmen from Baghdad, Shiraz and Bukhara worked on many specialized tasks.

The Taj stands on a raised, square platform (186 x 186 feet) with its four corners truncated, forming an unequal octagon. The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, in which each element stands on its own and perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self-replicating geometry and a symmetry of architectural elements.

Its central dome is fifty-eight feet in diameter and rises to a height of 213 feet. It is flanked by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets are 162.5 feet each. The entire mausoleum (inside as well as outside) is decorated with inlaid design of flowers and calligraphy using precious gems such as agate and jasper. The main archways, chiseled with passages from the Holy Qur’an and the bold scroll work of flowery pattern, give a captivating charm to its beauty. The central domed chamber and four adjoining chambers include many walls and panels of Islamic decoration.

The mausoleum is a part of a vast complex comprising of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque (to the left), a guest house (to the right), and several other palatial buildings. The Taj is at the farthest end of this complex, with the river Jamuna behind it. The large garden contains four reflecting pools dividing it at the center. Each of these four sections is further subdivided into four sections and then each into yet another four sections. Like the Taj, the garden elements serve like Arabesque, standing on their own and also constituting the whole.

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Bhutan: The Last Place on the Roof of the World

Bhutan is cradled in the deep folds of the Great Himalayas. Very little has been heard of Bhutan and to most people it has been a hidden kingdom shrouded in mystery.

Bhutan

Today when almost all parts of the world has seen a surge in travel tourists numbers, Bhutan has continued to followed a policy of regulated tourism in order to safeguard the country’s natural environment, rich cultural heritage and the unique way of life of its people. This has made Bhutan one of the least travel-ed countries in the world.

The Kingdom of Bhutan has adopted a very cautious approach to tourism in an effort to avoid the negative impact of tourism on the country’s culture and environment. All tourists must travel on a pre-planned, pre-paid, guided package tour through a registered tour operator in Bhutan or their counterparts abroad. The rate is fixed and controlled by the government.
There are still plenty of takers wanting to explore the breathtaking terrain of this astonishing country. The tourism industry in Bhutan is founded on the principle of sustainability, meaning that tourism must be environmentally and ecologically friendly, socially and culturally acceptable and economically viable. The number of tourists visiting Bhutan is also regulated to a manageable level because of the lack of infrastructure.
The Bhutanese name for Bhutan, Druk Yul, means ‘Land of the Thunder Dragon’. Existing archives trace Bhutanese history back to AD450, although many of the intervening events remain a mystery. Guru Rinpoche is believed to have brought Mahayana Buddhism to Bhutan from Tibet in the eighth century. Bhutan, the world’s last Buddhist kingdom, first became a coherent political entity around the 17th century and has never been conquered or ruled by another foreign power

Welcome to the Home of Bhutan Majestic Travel

http://www.bhutanmajestictravel.com/images/home_taktsang.jpgHimalayan Kingdom of Bhutan is unusual, unique and exotic. Bhutan Majestic Travel service provides personalized service and care. It defies definitions. The world travelers found it absorbing, mystical and captivating. So much has been said, written and read but a visit to our exotic destinations still remain a personal experience that will last a lifetime. Its ancient cultures, deep-rooted traditions, absorbing history, natural beauty, wondrous architecture, awe-inspiring palaces and forts add new dimensions to the pleasures of travel and vacation. The sights, both natural and man-made are beautiful and unforgettable. The Taktsang “Tiger’s Nest” in Paro, Beautiful Punakha Dzong and Memorial Stupa in Thimphu with exquisite sculptures and carvings are considered work of art and masterpieces.

Bhutan Majestic Travel has been in the tour and travel business for many years. Our mission is to continually strive for excellence by offering the best value and service to our clients. We have to thank our many clients for the support they have given us over the years, and our success is the direct result of their repeat business and referrals. We have extensive experience in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan and specialize in extraordinary adventure, discover the majestic beauty and the rich cultures of Bhutan through the legendary Bhutan Majestic Travel. We offer expanded packages and special customized Festival and cultural Tours. Each of our tour packages is designed with great degree of flexibility to meet the budget and expectations of individuals or groups. Our Treks are fully equipped with the best of gears with the support of the most experienced tour leaders and crew. We carry our own supplies and provisions to ensure quality food and comfortable accommodations that meet our high standards. Our local Tour Guides are among the best and the most experienced in culture, religion, history and geography of the region. They will guide you through unique places of cultural and historic significance and share with you interesting folklores, legends, myths and superstitions of the local people. We will make all of your arrangements, from choosing the right trip including air travel and trip extensions, until you depart from Bhutan. We provide you the highest quality of service, to assure you have a wonderful holiday in the Himalayas. Bhutan Majestic Travel enjoys the reputation as a first-class travel service provider known for its reliability and excellence in service with meticulous attention to details. We customize tours and treks to meet the needs of individuals and group with special areas of interests. Travel with us. Our knowledgeable travel executives will strive to make your vacation a memorable one

http://www.bhutanmajestictravel.com/images/Punakha_Monastery.jpgHere you will find the finest collection of tour packages. We are confident that you will find a package that meets your expectations. If not, we will customize a package just for you.

Whether your are a seasoned world traveler or one who will venture for the first time into the fascinating exotic destinations, travel with Bhutan Majestic Travel which has been in business for years, a company that is suggested by several prestigious guide books, numerous seasoned world travelers and knowledgeable professional travel agents. Over the years, Bhutan Majestic Travel has earned its reputation as a reliable and dependable tour company

 

Bhutan Buddhist Winter Retreat-The First time ever that buddist retreat are offered in Bhutan

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City Break: Melbourne

Australia is a world apart from most holiday destinations, with deep sea diving, the Outback and bustling cities all within reach of each other.

Melbourne
Once rated the world’s most liveable city, Melbourne is often compared to London, minus the chaos. But, as with London, the best places to drink are often in hidden locations.
Central Melbourne is divided by Collins Street, with one end featuring Gucci and Prada stores and the other end Chinatown and a host of grungy bars, such as The Croft Institute (www.thecroftinstitute.com.au).
The venue is three floors high, with a grass-covered bar on the third floor. It also boasts the city’s largest private collection of laboratory equipment. Set out like a chemist’s workstation, shots from bubbling test tubes are £3 while prescription cocktails range from £4 to £12.
Lily Blacks (www.lilyblacks.com.au) near Parliament House on Meyers Place is a new addition. Indoor palm trees and 1930s antiques give it an art deco feel, but it is the cocktails that bring the punters back. The bar’s signature cocktail “The 96 Tram”, costing £5, is named after a mnemonic device.
One bar that doesn’t have a drinks menu is St Jeromes (www.stjeromesguidetosummer.com) in the central business district, on Caledonian Lane.
More a roofed-in alley than a bar, it offers drinks from £1.50 and vegemite on toast as a snack. A heady mix of soca music, hip hop and late 1970s-inspired electro gets this alley jiving so hard, St Jeromes Laneway now has a festival named after it. By Retna Wooller
Sort it out
FLIGHTS: Austravel offers flights from Heathrow to Melbourne from £589 per person with China Eastern. For more information, call Austravel on 0870 166 2020 or visit
HOTEL: The Langham Hotel Melbourne starts from £65 per person per night, http://melbourne.langhamhotels.com.au
DIVE PARADISE BYRON BAY
If you don’t fancy hauling yourself all the way up to tropical Queensland for the Great Barrier Reef, there is another, arguably better, option: Byron Bay on the east coast, 500 miles north of Sydney.
Although the Great Barrier Reef does have a monopoly on the coral front, Byron is a far better choice in terms of marine life. In addition to a huge selection of fish, I was able to see turtles, stingrays and leopard sharks on a single dive.
One of the other advantages of Byron is that all this takes place at the Julian Rocks Marine Reserve, which is only a ten-minute boat ride away from the beach.
One of the main industry-accredited diving and snorkelling schools is
Sundive, which charges £21 for a snorkelling tour including equipment hire. If you’re feeling ambitious, you can pay £160 for a four-day diving course. I was pleasantly surprised by how empty even the popular sites are, as you’re free of the Great Barrier Reef “teabagging”, where one-off divers are taken in and out of the water like teabags.
It’s relaxed, unpretentious, and – just in case you needed another reason to pick Byron for diving – you can swim all year round without needing a stinger suit.
Sort it out
FLIGHTS: Etihad Airways flies to Sydney from £795.
Byron is a 12.5 hours by train from Sydney and costs £40.
Or pick up a domestic flight with Jetstar for around £40, not incl taxes. www.jetstar.com
HOTEL: Planula is set in tropical bushland near Byron Bay. Doubles start from £50 per room per night. Lot 1, Melaleuca Drivewww.planula.com.au
DIVING: Sundive, Shop 8, Middleton Street. www.sundive.com.au
Luxury Outback, Wrotham Park
The Outback doesn’t exactly inspire thoughts of luxury – it’s all about dust and tumbleweeds, right? Not quite. Especially if you stay at Voyages Wrotham Park, a five-star luxury ranch and a 600-hectare working cattle station. After a 45-minute flight from Cairns, the first thing you’ll see is the horse paddock, followed by a cluster of wooden cabin-like buildings, the largest of which is the homestead. This looks out over the escarpment and towards the Mitchell River.
No more than 20 guests are hosted at a time, and you’ll stay in one of the ten cabins called “quarters”. Calming lemon and myrtle oil burns in the evenings, and a ceiling-to-floor window beside the shower looks out over the wilderness.
Meals are delicious gourmet affairs using fresh local ingredients like barramundi (a fish) and crocodile. But be warned – when you make the trip from the restaurant to your cabin at night, prepare to see all manner of critters. The advice in the guests’ information book is no comfort. It warns: “If you see any crocodile tracks or eggs when fishing along the river, please walk away and find another spot.”
As for keeping yourself busy, you can either borrow a bicycle or go for a walk. When doing either, you will have to sign out at reception and give staff an estimated time of return. Alternatively, take a station tour, as I did with Cameron Harms, the resort’s assistant manager.
After cooing at the resort’s resident Brahman cattle, we stopped for refreshments. I was extremely surprised when Cameron produced tea with beautifully cut sandwiches, scones and homemade cream and jam from the back of his 4×4.
Other activities include fishing, picnics, mountain biking, cooking demonstrations and quad biking. If that seems too strenuous, get a chilled glass of Australian riesling and watch the dragonflies buzz lazily by.
Sort it out
FLIGHT: Fly from Heathrow to Cairns with Cathay Pacific and transfer flights from £875
RESORT: Two nights at Wrotham Park from £265 per person, including all meals and lodge activities such as mountain biking and picnics
PACKAGE: A 7-night Queensland Outback/Island package starts from £2,099, including return flights, two nights at Wrotham Park, three nights on Dunk Island and two nights on Bedarra Island, all inclusive.
Australia for £240
If you don’t have much money, a new travel pass from the Youth Hostel Association (YHA) in Australia can save you a bundle. For £240, you can get a ten-day pass that includes free bus transfers around the country and lets you stay in any one of Australia’s 130 YHA hostels, including Cape Tribulation in Queensland. YHA hostels have moved on in terms of quality, with many found in superb locations such as Bondi Beach and near the Great Barrier Reef.
Tiwi Island Tours
For an insight into Aboriginal life and the distinctive art the community produces, take a two-day tour to Tiwi Island, 80 miles north of Darwin. The pick-up is from Darwin airport and you’ll take a 20-minute flight to Bathurst Island. You will then visit the museums and art galleries, share billy tea with the Tiwi ladies, and watch a smoking ceremony being performed. You can then take a dip in the local watering hole, search for local turtle nests and learn how to traditionally hunt and gather food. Hats off to you if you try the local delicacy – mangrove worm. Two days cost £235.
Bike around Darwin
If ever there was a city that made the successful shift from frontier town to vibrant city, it is Darwin. There’s no better way to explore than by bike, and you can now do this with the newly-launched Darwin Bicycle Tours. You’ll cycle past historical Aboriginal sites in The Larrakia, Mindil Beach and the East Point Reserve, and meander past black cockatoos and wallabies. The three-hour bicycle tours start at 9am and 3pm. Prices are £20 for adults and £11 for children.

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Auckland

Imagine an urban environment where everyone lives within half an hour of beautiful beaches, hiking trails and a dozen enchanted holiday islands including Waiheke and Great Barrier Islands.

This waterside city has a strong pulse and a nautical twinkle in its eye. Its location on a thin stretch of the North Island, sandwiched between the Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea, is complemented by the lush subtropical forests of nearby hills and the volcanic terrains of nearby islands.

With its spectacular harbour and bridge, New Zealand’s largest city ranks with the best and its districts weave their way around a variety of bays ideal for swimming, water sports and particularly yachting - hence the nickname ‘City of Sails’.

When To Go

Auckland’s busiest tourist season arrives with the warmer weather between November and April, hitting its peak during summer school holidays (20 December-late January). To a lesser extent the Easter weekend, Labour Day weekend (late October) and the mid-year school holidays are also busy. January and February are the best beach-weather months, and December and March either side are usually warm - even hot at times. November and April are slightly cooler and not so good for hanging around at the beach, but it’s noticeably quieter, and accommodation is easier to find.

Weather Overview

Auckland’s maritime climate ensures that temperatures never go to the extremes they would if the city were landlocked. Temperatures usually stay in the mid-20°s (high 70°Fs) in summer, and rarely fall near freezing in winter (June-August) - although the ground in some sheltered low-lying areas may at times receive a coating of frost. In summer the weather can become quite humid.

 

Places to see

Auckland Art Gallery (Toi o Tamaki)

art gallery

Wellesley St & Lorne St
Tel: 09 307 7700 (info)

In late 2006 the Gallery’s collection was consolidated into one space to allow for extensive renovations to the main gallery. An extensive permanent collection of NZ art (including Charles Goldie’s stark Maori portraits of a vanished age) and contemporary art are now on show in the one building.

Hours: 10:00am-5:00pm

Web: http://www.aucklandartgallery.govt.nz

 

Auckland Botanic Gardens

Plant Nation

garden

Hill Rd
Tel: 09 267 1457 (info)
Tel: 09 266 3698 (info)

There are more than 10,000 different plants in these 65-hectare gardens including roses, herbs, cacti and natives. When your legs grow weary, grab a cuppa in the cafe or explore the visitors centre. The Ellerslie Flower Show, the country’s most important horticultural fair, has been held here annually in mid-November since 1997.

Guides are available for groups on weekdays. The gardens are well signposted and the plants labelled, so there is really no problem navigating your way around alone.

Hours: 8:00am-dusk

Email: rprice@arc.govt.nz

 

 

Auckland Museum (Tamaki Paenga Hira)

museum

Domain Dr 1001
Tel: 09 309 0443 (info)

This monumental-looking museum sits atop a sweeping expanse of lawn that forms part of the Auckland Domain, one of Auckland’s oldest parks. The museum has a comprehensive display on Pacific Island and Maori culture on the ground floor, including a magnificent 25m-long war canoe.

The 1st floor is dedicated to the natural world and has a first-class activities centre for children (plus some great life-size imitations of past giants like the moa). The 2nd floor focuses on New Zealanders at war - from the 19th century to the peace-keeping assignments of today, and includes a nifty re-creation of Auckland shops as they would have appeared in 1866.

For many, the highlight is the performance of Maori song and dance by Manaia. The informal shows at 11:00, 12:00 and 13:30 provide a good (and good-humoured) introduction to Maori culture.

Hours: 10:00am-5:00pm

Web: http://www.aucklandmuseum.org.nz

 

Kelly Tarlton’s Antarctic Encounter & Underwater World

theme park/funfair ; aquarium

23 Tamaki Dr
Tel: 0800 805 050 (info)
Tel: 09 528 0603 (info)

Housed in old stormwater holding tanks, this unique aquarium has a transparent acrylic tunnel that you travel through on a conveyor belt with the fish, including sharks and stingrays, swimming around you. The big attraction, however, is the Antarctic Encounter with its replica of Scott’s 1911 Antarctic hut, and a Snow Cat ride through a bustling penguin town.

Hours: 9:00am-6:00pm

Web: http://www.kellytarltons.co.nz

 

Lion Breweries

brewery

380 Khyber Pass Rd
Tel: 09 358 8366 (info)

It’s like Homer Simpson’s dream come true. Lion Breweries has turned its plain old brewery tours into an interactive ‘beer experience’. Two-hour tours are held daily and include a history of brewing, an audiovisual presentation, a virtual tour of the brewing process and, of course, some quality time spent sampling beers in a replica brew house.

Web: http://www.lionzone.co.nz

Motat

museum ; sci-tech

Great North Rd
Tel: 09 815 5800 (info)
Tel: 0800 668 286 (info)

The 19ha (48ac) Museum of Transport and Technology is near the zoo. It’s in two parts: Motat I has exhibits on transport, communications and energy, including vintage cars, a display about pioneer aviator Richard Pearse and the infotainment Science Centre, with hands-on displays.

Motat II features rare and historic aircraft as well as railway and military hardware. Exhibits include a V1 flying bomb and a Lancaster bomber from WWII, but pride of place goes to the huge Solent flying boat that ran a Pacific islands loop in the days of luxury flying.

Hours: 10:00am-5:00pm

Web: http://www.motat.org.nz

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Dubai City Guide

Having expanded along both banks of the Creek, Dubai is divided into two parts - Deira on the northern side and Bur Dubai to the south. Each has its share of fine mosques and busy souks, of public buildings, shopping malls, hotels, office towers, banks, hospitals, schools, apartments and villas. Dubai is blessed with golden sunshine and silvery beaches, world-class golf facilities and an upcoming Sports City.

From the timeless tranquillity of the desert to the lively bustle of the souk, Dubai offers a kaleidoscope of attractions for visitors

It is difficult to believe today, when Dubai has emerged as a global economic player and a major tourist destination, that less than a century ago Dubai was little more than a desert-strewn wildscape where Bedouin tribes roamed the sands and a huddle of settlers crowded around the banks of the lifeblood creek. Even as Europe embarked on the mass industrial destruction of WWI, Dubai still had no running water, no real roads and the main mode of transport was the camel.
Dubai first grew as a hub on the ancient trading route between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley and, by the 19th century, a small fishing village had taken root on the Shindagha peninsula, at the mouth of Dubai Creek. The village was inhabited by the Bani Yas tribe, who were led by the Maktoum family, the dynasty that still presides over Dubai today.
The city’s remarkable success story really began in the 1960s. During the process of shaking off the shackles of British colonial rule, oil was struck in 1966 and Dubai has never looked back. Since the 1960s, the population has mushroomed to almost 1.5 million and now an ever-growing number of hotels welcome in the temporary expat workers and tourists who help propel the economy. Indeed, only 22% of the Emirate’s population, at last count, were actually ethnically Emirati in a population mixture that has to be one of the world’s most cosmopolitan. This diversity discourages any real ethnic tensions and while conflict might rage further north in Iraq, Dubai so far has been trouble-free.
Dubai’s evolution has been dramatic, with sweeping skyscrapers and gleaming office blocks rising up on the banks of the Creek. Development has been well managed, with a structure and order to the city that demonstrates that the oil wealth has been well handled and channelled. The rulers of Dubai have a penchant for grand projects – one year a new extension to the port facilities, the next the world’s tallest purpose-built hotel and now the Palm Islands, a massive project that will bring over 100km (62 miles) of new beachfront, through the creation of the world’s three largest manmade islands, as well as hotels, villas, shopping malls, cinemas and Dubai’s first marine park.
Land-hungry Dubai is increasingly looking to the waters of the Arabian Gulf in search of new land on which to develop, as recently evidenced by yet another outlandish project, ‘The World’, which aims to build 300 islands in the shape of the world’s countries. Dubai seems to know no end to its ambition, nor does it have any inhibitions, with new plans, such as those for the Middle East’s largest shopping mall, the new airport at Jebel Ali and the world’s tallest tower in Burj Dubai, constantly on the drawing board. Even the lifeblood Creek itself is not sacrosanct and plans have recently been announced to alter its course and widen it.
The regional instability that has followed the Iraq war and the rise of Al-Qaeda has, however, put a strain on the emirate and still threatens to hit tourism, one of its most successful industries. Tourism currently remains remarkably resilient with more and more tourists flocking to Dubai every year, which is unsurprising really, considering the idyllic climate for much of the year, with constant sunshine and only an average of five days of rainfall annually. During summer, however, the heat is extreme, making trips away from air-conditioned vehicles and buildings unbearable.
The future prospects of the emirate’s tourist industry and its economic situation as a whole may be increasingly governed by developments in the rest of the Middle East, but for now Dubai is a city on the rise and rise.

Aerogulf Services

Aerogulf Services is located at Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates and in as November 2003 Aerogulf moved into our new purpose built helicopter operations and maintenance facility located on Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Contact: Aerogulf Services - Tel: 2200331

Al Boom Tourist Village

Adjacent to Creekside Park, the village consists of a 2,000 seat banquet hall, a coffee shop, restaurant, amusement park, ornamental lake and a marina with five cruise boats. Its traditional architecture forms a stately city landmark. Located next to Wonderland Family Fun Park. It is open 7 days. Timings: 9am-1am. Entertainment includes evening boat cruises with dinner served.

Contact: Al Boom Tourist Village - Tel: 3243000

Archaeological Sites

There are three main archaeological sites in Dubai. They are located in Al Ghusals, Al Sufooh and Jumeirah. Al Ghusals and Al Sufooh have over 2000 years old graveyards. You can visit the excavation sites at Al Ghusais, Al Sufooh and Jumeirah where you will find artifacts from the 7th to 15th century.

Contact: Off Road Adventures - Tel: 04 3432288

Bait Al Wakeel

Built in 1934 by the late Sheikh Rashid, Bait Al Wakeel was Dubai’s first office building. At the edge of the Creek near the abra landing, the building has been completely restored and now houses a museum devoted to Dubai’s fishing and maritime traditions.

Bastakiya

The old Bastakiya district with its narrow lanes and tall wind-towers gives a tantalizing glimpse of old Dubai. Immediately to the east of Al Fahidi Fort is the largest concentration of traditional courtyard houses with windtowers.

In the past, the city was famous for a mass of windtowers which lined the Creek on either side. These were not merely decorative; they were the only means of cooling houses in the days before electricity.

Bedouin Village

For those who are adventurous by nature, trip to Bedouin Village would be quite exciting! Experience the traditional way of living in a desert! Enjoy the camel riding lessons from the inhabitants of Bedouin Village. Looking for more excitement? Then plan for accommodation at Al Maha! It is one of the most popular and unique luxury resorts and is spread over 3,300 acres of sun kissed dunes. Staying here would enable you to experience the thrill of desert safari.

Burj Nahar

Year 1870 marked the foundation of Burj Nahar. Three watchtowers are guarding this beautiful city. Burj Nahar is one of the three-watch towers, positioned in Deira. Picturesque gardens and exotic locales provide the perfect backdrop for photographers and tourists. People from all over the world come to visit this magnificent and beautiful tower.

Deira Covered Souk (District)

The Deira Covered Souq has more of an Indian feel than an Arabic one, with folks hawking textiles, spices, kitchen wares, clothes and henna. It�s a perfect place for a housewife to feel home! The aromas, the sights and the flavours of this place is quite intoxicating!!!

Dubai Creek

The Dubai Creek is considered to be one of the most significant and safe harbor for all the ships. It has a very beautiful, calm and serene atmosphere. Abras are serving as water-taxis for crossing from Deira side to Bur Side.

Dubai Museum

Year 1799 marked the building of Al Fahidi Fort. It was built against foreign invasion. This splendid fort is now Dubai Museum. Thus, allowing the visitors to peep into the rich culture and heritage of Dubai. Entrance of Dubai Museum is marked with a great collection of old maps exhibiting urban expansion of Dubai in the year 1960 to 1980.

Dubai Museum offers a unique trip to desert life, traditional Arabian homes, mosques, fishing, pearl diving and trade. Major highlights of Dubai Museum are artefacts from excavated graves, musical instruments. Deadly weapons also form the major part of Dubai Museum, such as swords, spears, bows, arrows, shields, pistols and axes.

So, what are you waiting for? Get ready for an exciting trip to Dubai Museum and make your Dubai tour a remarkable experience!

Dubai World Trade Centre

The Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC) was established to stimulate trade and commerce in the United Arab Emirates in 1979. Over the past two decades, the DWTC has become a symbol of economic growth and prosperity in the Middle East. It undertakes three core activities: organizing exhibitions, providing hospitality services and property leasing.

From humble beginning in 1979 to being a state-of-the-art complex today, the DWTC has recorded remarkable growth in all areas of its core activities. The Complex includes a 39-storey office tower, 492 serviced residential apartments with a sports club, seven international standard interconnected and purpose built exhibition halls, a 200-seat theatre, a congress center and a private member’s business club.

Contact: Tel: 04 3321000

Gold Souk

Dubai boasts one of the largest retail gold markets in the world, selling everything from ingots to intricately worked jewellery at bargain prices. The street-front stores hide alleys of smaller shops with glittering show windows.

Grand Mosque

Situated on the Bur Dubai side of the Creek near the Ruler’s Court, Grand Mosque was re-built in 1998 and now has, at 70 metres, the city’s tallest minaret. It has 45 small domes in addition to nine large ones boasting stained glass panels, making it a distinguished landmark and important place of worship.

Address: Al Mussalla Road (near Ruler’s Court)

Hatta

In the foothills of the majestic Hajjar mountains, Hatta is a comfortable resort, ideal for a weekend getaway. The historic Hatta fort overlooks the town. The area is a much frequented picnic spot, and is about one hour drive from Dubai.

Contact: Alpha Tours Tel: 04 2949888

Hatta Mountains

From Jurassic Park to Hatta in one swoop. Larger than life: The 30 metre long Dinosaur dwarfed by the Hatta Mountains. Stairs under its tail will lead to a room built in its stomach where replics of the stone Age will be kept.

A white prancing horse adorns a hill on top at the farm. Visitors to the farm are greeted by a cannon. The driveway, internal roads and walkways are made of stone with pictures created from different coloured stones.

Heritage and Diving Village

A traditional heritage village, located in the Shindagah area has been created where potters and weavers display their crafts. The Diving village forms part of an ambitious plan to turn the entire area into a cultural microcosm, recreating life in Dubai as it was in days gone by. Located near the mouth of the creek, this area is also popular in the evenings as a venue for its open-air cafeterias and live entertainment. Several shops also sell handicrafts. No entrance fees.

Contact: Tel: 04 3937151

Jumeirah Mosque

Located on Al Jumeira Road this mosque, one of the most beautiful of all, and a fine example of modern Islamic architecture. The beauty of the mosque, the city’s largest, is seen at its very best particularly when floodlit after sundown, when the subtle lighting throws its artistry into relief. The mosque is one of the most visited and photographed sights. Tours are at 10am every Sunday and Thursday mornings. For tour information, contact the Sheikh Mohammed Centre for Cultural Understanding, which is open 8am - 3pm, Sat-Wed.

Contact: Tel: 04 3447755

Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum House (Museum)
Port Rashid, Dubai

Shaikh Saeed was the grandfather of the present ruler and his house has been restored as a museum. Dating from the late 1800s, Sheikh Saeed’s House was built in a commanding position near the sea so the Ruler could observe shipping activity from its balconies. With its windtowers and layers of rooms built around a central courtyard, it is a fine example of regional architecture. An ambitious restoration project has returned the house to its former glory and makes it a showcase for the history and development of Dubai.

Sheikh Saeed’s house can be visited as part of the Big Bus Company’s tour of Dubai. The ticket price of Dhs 75 includes the entrance to Sheikh Saeed’s House and Dubai museum as well.

Contact: Tel: 04 3937139

Shindagha

At the mouth of the Creek, Shindagha is the original site from which Dubai grew. Sheikh Saeed’s house, the former home of the ruling Maktoum family, has been carefully restored here. Open daily from 8:30am - 8:30pm, except Fridays: 3pm - 8:30pm.

Timings: Open daily from 8:30am - 8:30pm, except Fridays: 3pm - 8:30pm

Spice Souk

The narrow lanes of the spice souk are redolent with cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, incense, dried fruit and nuts. Imported from all over the Middle East, they are sold straight out of open sacks that surround the shop keepers

 

 

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Uruguay Travel Guide

Uruguay is a small, yet prosperous country sandwiched between Argentina and Brazil in the heart of South America. It is basically a European country, since the majority of its citizens are descended from Spanish and Italian immigrants. Spanish is the official language. Uruguay is more upscale with less poverty and strife than its neighbors. Montevideo seems safer than other South American capitals. The old city, Ciudad Vieja, has many colonial buildings that are now museums, art galleries, antique shops and restaurants. For nature lovers, the Eastern Wetlands contain swamps, lagoons, marshes, and streams with hundreds of bird species. UNESCO has declared the area a biosphere reserve. There are plenty of canoeing and fishing opportunities in both Uruguay and Negro River.

The most popular Uruguayan destination is Punta del este, with the Atlantic on one side and the River Plate on the other. It is an expensive jet set center for nightlife, casinos, and discos.Estancias, rural estates that are working ranches, are located throughout the country if you want a gaucho experience.

The only inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrua Indians a small tribe driven south by the Guarani Indians of Paraguay. The Spanish discovered the territory of present-day Uruguay in 1516 but the Indians’ fierce resistance to conquest combined with the absence of gold and silver limited settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish introduced cattle which became a source of wealth in the region. Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal’s expansion of Brazil’s frontiers. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina’s capital Buenos Aires.

Uruguay’s early-19th century history was shaped by ongoing fights between the British Spanish Portuguese and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region. In 1811 Jose Gervasio Artigas–who became Uruguay’s national hero–launched a revolt against Spain which resulted in the formation of a regional federation with Argentina. In 1821 Uruguay was annexed to Brazil by Portugal but Uruguayan patriots declared independence from Brazil in 1825. With the support of Argentine troops and after three years of fighting they defeated Brazilian forces.

The 1828 Treaty of Montevideo brought Uruguay independence and the nation’s first constitution was adopted in 1830. The remainder of the 19th century under a series of elected and appointed presidents saw interventions by and conflicts with neighboring states political and economic fluctuations and large inflows of immigrants mostly from Europe.

Jose Batlle y Ordoñez president from 1903 to 1907 and again from 1911 to 1915 set the pattern for Uruguay’s modern political development. He established widespread political social and economic reforms such as a welfare program government participation in many facets of the economy and a plural executive. Some of these reforms were continued by his successors.

By 1966 economic political and social difficulties led to constitutional amendments and a new constitution was adopted in 1967. In 1973 amid increasing economic and political turmoil the armed forces closed the Congress and established a civilian-military regime. A new constitution drafted by the military was rejected in a November 1980 plebiscite. Following the plebiscite the armed forces announced a plan for return to civilian rule. National elections were held in 1984; Colorado Party leader Julio Maria Sanguinetti won the presidency and took office in 1985.

The Sanguinetti Administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democratization following the country’s years under military rule. Sanguinetti’s economic reforms focusing on the attraction of foreign trade and capital achieved some success and stabilized the economy. In order to promote national reconciliation and facilitate the return of democratic civilian rule Sanguinetti secured popular approval of a controversial plebiscite which granted general amnesty for military leaders accused of committing human rights violations under the military regime and sped the release of former guerrillas.

The National Party’s Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera won the 1989 presidential election. President Lacalle executed major economic structural reforms and pursued further liberalization of trade regimes including Uruguay’s inclusion in the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR) in 1991. However economic adjustment and privatization efforts provoked political opposition. Thus while the country achieved economic growth under the Lacalle Administration social problems and austerity measures combined to foster increasing popular discontent and further political polarization by 1992. The result was the overturn of some reforms by referendum. In the November 1994 presidential and legislative elections Colorado Party candidate and former President Sanguinetti won a new term of office which he began on March 1 1995. President Sanguinetti has used his second term to consolida